英语中作定语的不仅是单词、词组和短语，还有句子也可以作定语，那么这种从句称之为定语从句。定语从句就是修饰主句的某个名词性成分，相当于形容词，所以又称为形容词性从句，被修饰的名词或代词称为先行词。定语从句一般由关系代词和关系副词引导，从结构上又可分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。现‘津桥外语’为你例举定语从句的种类，分析定语从句的运用方法。
1关系代词
(1)who指的是人，在定语从句中做主语。
(a) The man who called yesterday wants to buy the house.
(b) He never said much to the kids who earned more playing game.
(2）whom指的也是人，不过在定语从句中充当宾语，所以经常可以省略。
(a)The author whom you criticized in your review has written a reply.
(b)He is a man whom you should marry.
关系代词whom在口语和非正式的语体中经常用who代替，可以省略。
(d) The woman who/whom you saw is my mother.
（3） which指物，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，在做宾语时可以省略。
(a) Houses which overlook the lake cost more.
(b) In August 1945, Mr. Rickey sent me out on an assignment, which I guess you might describe as memorable.
（4） that指人的时候，就相当于who或者whom；当指物的时候，就相当于which，在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可以省略。
(a) Where is the letter that came yesterday?
(b) The watch (that) you gave me keeps perfect time.
(c) The people (that) I spoke to were very helpful.
（5） whose通常指的是某人的或某物的，在定语从句中做定语。
(a) He is a man whose opinion I respect.
(b) It is the house whose door’s painted red.
(c) Do you like the pen whose color is yellow?
2介词+关系代词
关系代词在定语从句中做介词宾语时，从句常由介词+关系代词来进行引导
(1) It was a crisis for which she was totally unprepared.
(2) I’ll go to see the famous artist whom I have often talked.
3关系副词
1. when指的是时间，在定语从句中做时间状语。
(1) Sunday is the only day when I can go to buy the rare thing.
(2) We get irritated when he slam-dribbled us on the Astros Turf.
2. where指的是地点，在定语从句中做地点状语。
(1) It is one of the few countries where people drive on the left.
(2) It looked low but that’s where it’s supposed to be.
3. why指的是原因，在定语从句中做原因状语。
(1) That’s the reason why I left so early.
(2) The reason why the injection needs repeating every year is that the virus changes.
4限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句
|
|
限制性定语从句
|
非限制性定语从句
|
|
形式
|
不用逗号和主句分开
|
用逗号和主句隔开
|
|
意义
|
是先行词不可缺少的定语，不能删除
|
是对先行词的补充说明，删除后意思也是完整
|
|
译法
|
翻译成先行词的定语
|
通常翻译成主句的并列句
|
|
关系词的使用
|
1. 做宾语时可以省略
2.可用that
3.可用who代替whom
|
1.不可省略
2.不用that
3.不用who代替whom
|
如:
(1) The grandmother told me that John was the only person that I could tell the truth to him.
(2) Jeff is only a boy who has a pure heart.
(3) Her sister who is now a nurse encourages her to go to college.
她那当护士的姐姐鼓励她要考上大学。（她还有其他的姐妹）
(4) Her sister, who is now a nurse, encourages her to go to college.
她的姐姐是当护士的，鼓励她要考上大学。（她只有一个姐姐）
掌握定语从句的种类就等于掌握它的用法，其实定语从句并不难，‘津桥外语’专任教师点评：只要你在运用定语从句的时候注意以上几点，牢记语法，多做练习，就能得到一定的提高。语法知识并非一日之功，想要熟练运用就必须通过长期的练习。
文章来源于广州津桥外语培训中心，咨询热线：020-83821002
地址：广州市越秀区中山三路东平大马路。
|
